Religious bigotry in the Indian subcontinent

 



Indira Gandhi’s death anniversary

Religious bigotry in the Indian subcontinent

Indira Gandhi was martyred on this day 37 years ago.  She made supreme sacrifice to preserve the unity and integrity of India. The Indian National Congress and the Indira Gandhi Memorial Trust had instituted two awards in her honour -Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration and Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development- respectively. These awards are given annually, since 1985, to distinguished personalities and institutions for promoting national integration and understanding and fellowship amongst religious groups, and international peace and development. President V.V. Giri conferred her the Bharat Ratna for steering India to a decisive victory, unparalleled in Indian history, in the 14-day-long 1971 war with Pakistan, liberating Bangladesh, demolishing the two-nation theory that partitioned India.

 

Today, India is surrounded by hostile neighbouring countries, mainly due to religious bigotry promoted by the extreme right-wing elements in India and her neighbourhood.  

 

Situation in Jammu & Kashmir

 

The abrogation of Article 370 that conferred special status to the Muslim majority state of J&K and the Article 35A that protected its linguistic and cultural identity, have provided a fodder to the militants and terrorists, sponsored and encouraged by the Pakistan Army and the ISS.  However, what we find in India, according to Professor Ashutosh Varshney, is Jim Crow Hindu Nationalism. The Hindu nationalism of Atal Bihari Vajpayee is different from the present-day aggressive Hindu nationalism, which is overtly anti-Muslim. The Laws such as anti-conversation and love jihad are being made to turn Muslims into second class citizen in a secular India, instilling fear, and resulting in deepening communal divide. The “Hindu nationalists do not know Jim Crow history, but their politics is threatening to create a Jim Crow India.  What race was to the American South, ethinicised religion is to Hindu nationalists.”

 

The abrogation of Article 370 has not achieved its objective of wiping terrorism from J&K.  The strong-arm tactics of the state machinery of suppressing the political dissent and human rights is backfiring, and the militancy is on the rise again. The terrorists are now targeting the religious minorities -Hindus and Sikhs-both local and those from outside. The attacks on non-local migrant workers that killed some 11 civilians recently is a new phenomenon, the message being that the people from mainstream India are not welcome in the state. The result is hundreds of migrant workers in the state, fearing threat to their lives, have left for their home states. The Centre must immediately restore the Statehood to J&K and reach out to the people, who feel humiliated and totally isolated, and open dialogue with the mainstream political parties in the state, and retreat the situation before it goes out of hand.

 

                                                      Developments in Bangladesh

 

The recent attacks on Hindus in Bangladesh are an indication that the Bangladesh extreme right-wing elements are out to create communal discard among Hindus and Muslims and destabilise the county. Out of 160 million population there, some 16 million make Hindus. The Hindus are terribly scared in a country which is fast becoming a Hindu phobic, with the followers of Bangladesh Nationalist Party of Begum Khaleda Zia and the Jamaat-e-Islami joining hands to foment communal violence. The Bangladeshi Muslims have conveniently forgotten India’s humongous role and the risk Indira Gandhi took in liberating their country from Pakistan, 50 years ago. The forces that opposed to Bangladesh’s independence are propagating the ‘toxic narratives to instigate violence, hatred and bigotry.’ Bangladesh which was a secular state, as per 1972 constitution, was converted into an Islamic state under the rule of Ziaur Rahman. Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina of Awami League is trying to amend the constitution to restore Bangladesh as a secular state. She acted swiftly against the perpetrators of communal violence during the recent Durga festival; got some 450 suspects arrested, with more than 70 cases filed with the police. This year, she donated 30 million takas to the Hindu Kalyan Trust to have smooth celebration of Durga festival.

 

In contrast, at home, Narendra Modi remains silent when violent attacks take place against the Muslims. What is happening in Bangladesh, in a way, is the consequence of the passing of discriminatory Citizenship (Amendment) Act in 2019.  When Amit Shah declares the  Bangladeshi Muslim immigrants illegal and threatens to throw them  out, it is a provocation to retaliation against Hindus in Bangladesh. As P. Chidambaram, former Home Minister of India, says: “both groups of Muslims- descendants of Indian citizens and migrants- reside in India. They are from time-to-time victims of religious prejudice. Yet the Modi government refuses to protect them or condemn the violence against them. If any country raises questions, the Modi government warns them against interference in the internal affairs of India.”  The Muslims constitute 213 million people in India.

 

Sheikh Hasina, while promising strict action against the perpetrators of communal violence in her country, also said that Bangladesh’s big neighbour must be sensitive to situation, alluding violence against minorities in India. The impact of the CAA had a widespread effect in Bangladesh, and at least 12 people were killed in protests against Narendra Modi’s visit to Dhaka earlier this year

 

How today’s India is different

 

India, today, is totally different from Nehru’s time. India no longer commands the moral authority that Nehru had commanded in the community of nations. Nor does India nurture the Nehruvian and Gandhian values and ideals that stood the test of time and its model of governing a multi religious and cultural society that inspired many a nation cutting across the communities and regimes. Pranab Mukherjee in his autobiography The Presidential Years said King Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah had offered to Nehru to make Nepal a Province of India, but Nehru rejected the offer saying that Nepal was an independent nation and must remain so. Similarly, at the height of cold war in mid 1950s, both the US and the Soviet Union asked Nehru to take the permanent seat in the UN Security Council, replacing the Communist China, but Nehru the moralist felt making the Asian giant part of the mainstream international community was more important for word peace and security than India grabbing the opportunity, rather unnaturally and unethically. And when China committed aggression on India in 1962, to discredit Nehru and tarnish his international image and standing as the champion of world peace, and when Nehru appealed to the Heads of governments and states to assist India to repel the aggressor, more than 80 countries, including the US, the UK, the Soviet Union and Pakistan, had pledged military aid to India, and the Pope condemning the aggression, forcing China to unilaterally retreat from the Indian territories, Bertrand Russell calling it  Unarmed Victory.

 

In contrast, today, the expansionist China forcefully encroached into Indian territories in Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Arunachal Pradesh; unwilling to withdraw, and refusing to honour the bilateral agreements, with thirteen rounds of talks with Chinese military officials, since May 2020, failing to yield any result. Narendra Modi is not even willing to raise the issue with Xi Jinping, demonstrating how afraid India of China. However, India-China trade ties continue as usual. In fact, in spite of the border tension, the trade with China has peaked and India’s trade deficit being the highest ever; China benefiting from absence of aggressive posture on the Indian side. The policy of mendicancy never pays.

 

It is important that India regained its past glory.  Only a truly democratic India, adhering to the secular and constitutional values, alone can exercise moral authority and reduce the hostility in her neighbourhood. The bullying by a vocal minority, with the tacit backing of the regime. reading insult to religion in everything, from literature to cinema to commercials, must be stopped immediately. The majority community is constantly fed the lie that their beliefs are being mocked in the name of secularism, that anyone can take liberties with their religion, and that Hinduism is in danger. The way religion is used to suit political ends is an insult to anyone who calls himself a Hindu. In the land of Buddha and Gandhi, weaponising religion to propel into power is dangerous. It is high time to ask how someone sold the majority community the idea that a religion that withstood the onslaught of Buddhism, Islam and Christianity, is in danger of losing its identity? Are we blind to the havoc created by civil strife and religious fundamentalism in our neighbourhood-Pakistan and Afghanistan? Why are we hell bent on becoming mirror image of failed states?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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